Abstract: Considering the influence of shield machine-soil interaction on additional loads during shield tunneling, this study investigates the characteristics of ground surface deformation under shield loads during both linear and curved tunneling based on the Mindlin solution. The effects of factors such as machine-soil relative displacement, the distribution coefficient of cutterhead normal pressure, and shield dimensions on surface deformation characteristics were analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) Whether in linear or curved tunneling, the ground surface in front of the shield cutterhead exhibits heave deformation, while the area behind the cutterhead shows settlement deformation. (2) As the asymmetric distribution coefficient of the additional cutterhead normal support pressure increases, the axis of symmetry of the surface cross-sectional deformation curve gradually deviates from the shield axis, with the most significant deviation observed when the coefficient reaches 0.5. (3) An increase in shield radius leads to a more pronounced deformation caused by friction, and the difference between the deformation induced by friction and that induced by support pressure also widens accordingly.