基于生物聚合物改性粉质黏土的覆盖屏障建造与土体气态污染物阻隔性能研究

    Construction of biopolymer-amended silty clay based cover barriers and evaluation of their barrier performance in controlling volatile organic compound (VOC) gases pollutant migration in soils

    • 摘要: 以低碳生物聚合物黄原胶为改性剂,采用两种工艺改性非正规填埋污染地块场地内原有覆土:①湿法工艺。将黄原胶干粉水化为溶液并喷洒在松铺的粉质黏土上方,待溶液渗透浸入后碾压成型压实粉质黏土;②干法工艺。将黄原胶干粉与原有覆土混拌后碾压成为压实黏土。覆盖阻隔屏障由保护土层和防渗阻气层构成,防渗阻气层类型包括:改性压实土、改性压实土-黄原胶改性膨润土防水毯复合层、未改性压实土-土工膜复合层,以及未改性压实土。针对压实土层和保护层的取芯结果表明,湿法和干法工艺所形成压实土的体积含水率、压实度、孔隙比的数值相近。在饱和度77%~90%时,改性压实土与未改性土相比,气体渗透率从8×10-13~3.3×10-12 m2降低至4.7×10-14~4.2×10-13 m2,气体扩散系数从1.2×10-8~6.9×10-8 m2/s降低至4.9×10-9~1.7×10-8 m2/s。未改性压实土的饱和水力渗透系数为8.8×10-8 m/s,改性后压实土的水力渗透系数均低于1×10-9 m/s。原位监测结果表明:改性压实土在降雨前后含水率的相对变化幅度小于1%,而未改性压实土的含水率相对变化幅度为33%;改性压实土层上方保护土层内VOC气体浓度均低于0.2 mg/m3,是未改性压实土层上方保护层内VOC气体浓度(2 mg/m3)1/10,污染土内VOC气体浓度(12.5 mg/m3)1/60,表明改性压实土的防渗阻气性能良好。

       

      Abstract: Using low-carbon biopolymer xanthan gum (XG) as an amendment, two amendment construction methods are proposed for the in-situ silty cover soil: (1) a wet mixing process method, in which the XG is pre-hydrated into a solution and sprayed onto loosely placed silty clay, followed by infiltration and compaction to form an amended silty clay; and (2) a dry mixing process method, where the XG powder is directly mixed with the soil. The cover barrier consists of a protective layer and compacted soil layer. Four types of barrier configurations are constructed: XG-amended compacted soil, a composite layer of amended soil and XG-amended bentonite geosynthetic clay liner, a composite layer of unamended soil and geomembrane, and unamended compacted soil. Core samples analyses show that both unamended and amended compacted soil had similar volumetric water content, degree of compaction, and void ratio values. At degrees of saturation of 77%~90%, the gas permeability of amended soil significantly reduces from 8×10-13~3.3×10-12 m2 for unamended soil to 4.7×10-14~4.2×10-13 m2. The gas diffusion coefficient also decreases from 1.2×10-8~6.9×10-7 m2/s (unamended) and 4.9×10-9~1.7×10-8 m2/s (amended) representing about a fourfold reduction. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of unamended soil is 8.8×10-8 m/s, whereas hydraulic conductivity of amended soils is below 1×10-9 m/s. After 82 days of field monitoring, the volumetric water content of the amended CCL varies by less than 1% before and after rainfall, while the unamended soil shows a 33% relative variation. Moreover, the VOC concentration within the protection layer above the amended compacted soil remains below 0.2 mg/m3, which is one-tenth of the value observed above the unamended compacted soil (2 mg/m3), and just 1/60 of the (VOC) concentration measured in the contaminated soil layer (12.5 mg/m3), indicating superior gas and fluid isolation performance of the biopolymer-modified compacted barrier.

       

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