Abstract: In response to the migration, deposition, and blockage of particles in porous media, this paper explores the microscopic mechanisms of fine particle migration and deposition based on the particle - seepage coupling coupled numerical method. PFC3D is used to construct porous media samples, and a flow program is written in Python to achieve bidirectional coupling between particles and fluids. This article derives the governing equations for particles and fluid phases in a saturated state, and verifies the mechanical parameters of the microscale model by comparing microfluidic experimental data. Using the JKR contact model to consider the gravitational interaction between fine particles, a numerical simulation was conducted on a cylindrical porous medium model. The results showed that considering the interaction between particles, there was a large agglomeration in the pores of the model, and fine particles were easily adsorbed on the surface of the porous medium, making the model more prone to blockage. Additionally, a particle stacking arch structure appeared in the pores of the porous medium; In addition, considering the influence of the type of JKR contact bond formed on the permeability changes within the interparticle interaction model, and the permeability curve eventually tends towards a flat stage; Finally,the internal particle mass distribution within the model exhibits spatial heterogeneity. The middle layer region (L2) of the model forms a blocking layer, while the bottom region (L3) demonstrates steady-state clogging when considering particle interactions. In contrast, models disregarding particle interactions manifest dynamic immigration/emigration equilibrium.