裂隙贯通率对膨胀土长期强度及变形特性影响试验研究

    Experimental study on the influence of crack penetration rate on long-term strength and deformation characteristics of expansive soil

    • 摘要: 膨胀土土体内普遍分布大量裂隙,其存在显著影响了土体的力学性质。为探究裂隙贯通率对膨胀土蠕变性质的影响,选用土工膜模拟土体内部裂隙,进行了卸荷路径下的三轴蠕变试验。研究结果表明,裂隙对膨胀土强度存在显著衰减效应,随着裂隙贯通率的增加,试样的极限破坏偏应力呈现出线性递减趋势。在卸荷蠕变试验过程中,偏应力较低时,蠕变曲线呈现衰减蠕变与稳态蠕变特征,随着偏应力水平提高,蠕变曲线开始表现出加速蠕变特征,试样在较短的时间内发生剪切破坏,产生较大的轴向变形。膨胀土在蠕变过程中,其应力-应变等时曲线发生显著偏转,由线性特征逐渐向非线性特征过渡,呈现出明显的非线性变化特征。在试样发生最终破坏之前,各级偏应力作用下的轴向应变速率均从初始值开始逐渐减小,且随着偏应力的增大,对应级别的初始蠕变速率呈现递增趋势。基于等时曲线法,确立了含裂隙膨胀土的长期强度值,结果表明:在长期荷载作用下,土体长期强度显著降低,约为极限破坏偏应力的54.5~60.5%。针对膨胀土的蠕变特征,本文构建了指数型蠕变经验模型,对试验结果的拟合精度均在0.97以上,具有较好的适用性。研究成果可为含裂隙土体的长期稳定性问题提供参考。

       

      Abstract: There are a large number of cracks frequently distributed within expansive soil, which significantly affects the mechanical properties of the soil. To explore the influence of the crack penetration rate on the creep properties of expansive soil, geomembrane was selected to simulate the internal cracks of the soil mass, and triaxial creep tests under unloading paths were carried out. The research results demonstrate that cracks have an obvious weakening effect on the strength of expansive soil. As the crack penetration rate increases, the ultimate failure deviatoric stress of the specimens shows a linear decreasing trend. During the unloading creep test, under relatively low deviatoric stress, the creep curves exhibit the characteristics of attenuated creep and steady-state creep. With the increase in the deviatoric stress level, the creep curves start to display the characteristics of accelerated creep, and shear failure occurs within a short period of time, resulting in relatively large axial deformation. In the process of creep of expansive soil, its stress-strain isochronous curves deflect significantly, transitioning gradually from linear characteristics to nonlinear ones, and presenting obvious nonlinear variation characteristics. Before the specimens are completely damaged, the axial strain rates under the action of deviatoric stresses at all levels gradually decrease from their initial values, and as the deviatoric stress increases, the initial creep rates at the corresponding levels show an increasing trend. Based on the isochronous curve method, the long-term strength value of expansive soil containing cracks was established. The results indicate that under the action of long-term loads, the long-term strength of the soil mass is significantly reduced, approximately accounting for 54.5 - 60.5% of the ultimate failure deviatoric stress. According to the creep characteristics of expansive soil, an exponential creep empirical model was established in this paper, and the test results were fitted. The fitting accuracy is above 0.97, showing good applicability. The research results can provide a reference for the long-term stability issues of soil containing cracks.

       

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