直剪试验和三轴试验强度指标关系的理论解

    Theoretical solution for the relationship between strength parameters of direct shear test and triaxial test

    • 摘要: 分析了正常固结土在直剪试验和三轴压缩试验中的应力莫尔圆变化规律。通过对比分析两种试验剪切过程中的应力路径,发现直剪试验与三轴压缩试验的应力路径方向不同。同一平面内两条不平行直线必存在一个交点,该交点同时代表直剪试验和三轴压缩试验破坏莫尔圆的顶点。通过分析得出与交点相对应的直剪试验和三轴压缩试验开始前土样固结莫尔圆的两个大主应力,即直剪初应力和三轴初应力。依据交点处应力相等的条件,建立了两个初应力之间的关系式。分析得出三轴压缩试验与直剪试验坐标系之间的转换方法。推导出以正应力为变量的一元一次方程式。当该一元一次方程中的正应力变量取任意值时方程式均成立,可得出此方程式的两个系数都为零,进而得到直剪指标和三轴压缩指标的相互转换公式。试验结果表明,理论值与实测数据基本一致,验证了所提出的理论关系的可靠性。

       

      Abstract: This paper analyzes the variation law of the Mohr's stress circle for normally consolidated soils in direct shear tests and triaxial compression tests. By comparing and analyzing the stress paths during the shearing process of the two tests, it is found that the directions of the stress paths are different between the direct shear test and the triaxial compression test. Two non-parallel straight lines in the same plane must intersect at a point, which simultaneously represents the vertex of the failure Mohr's circle for both the direct shear test and the triaxial compression test. Based on the analysis, two major principal stresses corresponding to the consolidated Mohr's circles of the soil sample before the start of the direct shear test and triaxial compression test are obtained, namely the direct shear initial stress and the triaxial initial stress. According to the condition that the stress states are equal at the intersection point, a relational equation between the two initial stresses is established; furthermore, through analysis, the conversion method between the coordinate systems of the direct shear test and the triaxial compression test is derived, and a linear equation with normal stress as the variable is obtained. When any value is substituted for the normal stress variable in this linear equation, the equation holds true, so it can be determined that both coefficients of the equation are zero, thereby deriving the mutual conversion formulas between the direct shear parameters and the triaxial compression parameters. The experimental results show that the theoretical values are basically consistent with the measured data, verifying the reliability of the proposed theoretical relationship.

       

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