Abstract: With the burgeoning water environment treatment in China, a large number of environmental dredging projects are being implemented. Dredging, treatment and utilization of sediments all need to be considered. Based on the typical case of the environmental dredging, treatment and utilization project of Tongjiqiao reservoir in China, the change laws of physical and chemical properties of mud are studied, and the mechanical properties of dredged mud cake are analyzed. Through the analysis, the key problems in the typical project are pointed out: the concentration of dredged mud is low, its concentration efficiency is low, the dredging and treatment work efficiency is not matched, and the mud cake is of high alkaline property after treatment. They are also the common problems in the dredging, treatment and utilization of sediments in China. The investigation of the problems may provide guidance and inspiration for the scientific research and construction in this field.