Abstract: The deep excavation has a significant influence on the bearing capacity and settlement of piles beneath excavation. However, there are few researches on the influencing factors, especially the distribution of strata. In this study two types of pile load tests are simulated. One is the pile load tests with pile casing in excavation range (TS), and the other is the pile load tests after excavation (TE). Through analyzing and comparing the results of tests, such as load-settlement relationship and skin friction, the effect of deep excavation on the bearing capacity and vertical stiffness can be obtained. It is found that the relative bearing capacity and relative vertical stiffness decrease with the increase of the relative width and depth of excavation. They increase with the increase of the relative effective pile length.