Failure mechanisms of embankment on inclined soft foundation reinforced by CFG Piles

Four groups of centrifugal model tests are performed to investigate the failure mechanisms of embankment on inclined soft foundation reinforced by CFG piles. The tests simulate four kinds of grounds: natural inclined soft ground, normal CFG composite ground, inclined CFG composite ground, and inclined defect CFG composite ground. The results show that the failure mechanisms are as follows: (1) CFG piles are prone to fracture into many rigid short piles moving with soil failure; (2) For the inclined ground, fractures of CFG piles occur more greatly along the downhill direction, and the deformation is larger; (3) For the defect CFG pile composite ground, the deformation is significantly larger.