The Principles and Applications of the Model Test Techniques Using the Electric-resistance Networks to Simulate the Threedimensional Seepage Problems

The paper describes systematically the principles of the model test techniques using the electric-resistance networks to simulate the three-dimensional seepage problems and its practical applications. Reasonable methods for calculating the model resistances, measuring techniques and formulas for calculating the hydraulic gradients are presented. The main advantages of this test procedures are the stable electric field, reliable test results and available for complex geological and boundary conditions. It is one of the useful tools for solving the three-dimensional seepage problems. The test results on such models relating to two dam sites are introduced in last section of this paper as the examples of its application.