• 全国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 美国工程索引(EI)收录期刊
  • Scopus数据库收录期刊
LEI Guo-hui, ZHENG Qiang. Issues on concepts of effective stress and seepage force arising from anatomizing Swedish slice method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(4): 667-676.
Citation: LEI Guo-hui, ZHENG Qiang. Issues on concepts of effective stress and seepage force arising from anatomizing Swedish slice method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(4): 667-676.

Issues on concepts of effective stress and seepage force arising from anatomizing Swedish slice method

More Information
  • Published Date: April 19, 2012
  • The Swedish slice method has played an important role in the teaching of soil mechanics and the design of slope engineering. Its two expressions for effective stress analysis are investigated by anatomizing the derivation process of the normal effective stress on the bottom of a soil slice and by analyzing their calculated results comparatively. It is found that theoretically both expressions are not applicable to the slope stability analysis under the seepage condition in a general sense, and practically their calculation errors are obvious and scattered. The reason for this is due, respectively, to the neglect of the boundary water forces on the sides of soil slices when soil mass element is analyzed and the neglect of the seepage forces when soil skeleton element is analyzed. Further investigations on the differential equations of force equilibrium of a soil element reveal that the two equivalent approaches proposed by Taylor for treating the influence of seepage on the effective stress of soil skeleton, namely, the approach considering saturated weight and boundary water force when soil mass is analyzed and the approach considering effective weight and seepage force when soil skeleton is analyzed, can be used in the limit equilibrium analysis methods for a rigid body such as the slice method. However, in the analytical and numerical methods for seepage-deformation coupling analysis for problems like slope seepage stability and consolidation, only the soil mass element can be considered. Under this circumstance, the soil skeleton element cannot be considered and the seepage force concept cannot be applied. The reason for this is that under the seepage condition the effective stress is, physically, not a stress variable. The effective stress and pore water pressure determining the seepage force are interdependent and non-independent stress state variables controlling correspondingly the deformation and strength of soil skeleton and the flow net field.
  • [1]
    FELLENIUS W. Erdstatische berechnungen mit reibung und Kohäsion (adhäsion) und unter Annahme kreiszylindrischer gleitflächen[M]. Berlin: Verlag Ernst & Sohn, 1927.
    [2]
    FELLENIUS W. Calculation of the stability of earth dams[C]// Transactions of the 2nd Congress on Large Dams, Washington D C, 1936, 4 : 445 – 462.
    [3]
    PETTERSON K E. The early history of circular sliding surfaces[J]. Géotechnique , 1955, 5 ( 4 ): 275 – 296.
    [4]
    卢廷浩 . 土力学 [M]. 第 2 版 . 南京 : 河海大学出版社 , 2005. (LU Ting-hao. Soil mechanics [M]. 2nd ed. Nanjing: Hohai University Press, 2005. (in Chinese))
    [5]
    TURNBULL W J, HVORSLEV M J. Special problems in slope stability[J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 1967, 93 (SM4): 499 – 528.
    [6]
    GREENWOOD J R. A simple approach to slope stability[J]. Ground Engineering, 1983, 16 (4): 45 – 48.
    [7]
    GREENWOOD J R. Discussion of 'stability of compacted rockfill slopes'[J]. Géotechnique , 1985, 35 ( 2 ): 217 – 218.
    [8]
    DUNCAN J M, WRIGHT S G. Soil strength and slope stability[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2005.
    [9]
    U S Army Corps of Engineers. Engineering and design: slope stability[M]. Washington D C: Engineer Manual No. EM1110-2-1902, Department of the Army, 2003.
    [10]
    KING G J W. Revision of effective-stress method of slices[J]. Géotechnique , 1989, 39 ( 3 ): 497 – 502.
    [11]
    MORRISON I M, GREENWOOD J R. Assumptions in simplified slope stability analysis by the method of slices[J]. Géotechnique , 1989, 39 ( 3 ): 503 – 509.
    [12]
    BISHOP A W. The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of slopes[J]. Géotechnique , 1955, 5 ( 1 ): 7 – 17.
    [13]
    WHITMAN R V, BAILEY W A. Use of computers for slope stability analysis[J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 1967, 93 (SM4): 475-498.
    [14]
    DUNCAN J M, WRIGHT S G. The accuracy of equilibrium methods of slope stability analysis[J]. Engineering Geology, 1980, 16 (1-2): 5 – 17.
    [15]
    CHEN Z, UGAI K. Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis - a perspective of recent advances[C]// Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes. London: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008, 1 : 25 – 38.
    [16]
    陈祖煜 . 土质边坡稳定分析 : 原理 · 方法 · 程序 [M]. 北京 : 中国水利水电出版社 , 2003. (CHEN Zu-yu. Soil slope stability analysis: theory, methods and programs[M]. Beijing: China Water Power Press, 2003. (in Chinese))
    [17]
    BISHOP A W, MORGENSTERN N. Stability coefficients for earth slopes[J]. Géotechnique, 1960, 10 (4): 129 – 150.
    [18]
    MICHALOWSKI R L. Stability charts for uniform slopes[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 2002, 128 (4): 351 – 355.
    [19]
    殷宗泽 , 郭志平 , 徐鸿江 , 等 . 条分法土坡稳定分析计算程序 (SLP)[M]// 水工结构工程与岩土工程的现代计算方法及程序 . 南京 : 河海大学出版社 , 1992: 343 – 351. (YIN Zong-ze, GUO Zhi-ping, XU Hong-jiang, et al. A program for slope stability analysis (SLP)[M]// Modern Computation Methods and Programs of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnical Engineering. Nanjing: Hohai University Press, 1992: 343 – 351. (in Chinese))
    [20]
    SARMA S K, MORRISON I M, GREENWOOD J R. Discussion of ' Revision of effective-stress method of slices'[J]. Géotechnique , 1990, 40 (4): 651 – 654.
    [21]
    CHUGH A K, LI K S. Discussion of 'Assumptions in simplified slope stability analysis by the method of slices'[J]. Géotechnique , 1990, 40 (4): 655 – 658.
    [22]
    WINDISCH é J. T he hydraulics problem in slope stability analysis[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1991, 28 (6): 903 – 909.
    [23]
    沈珠江 . 莫把虚构当真实–岩土工程界概念混乱现象剖析 [J]. 岩土工程学报 , 2003, 25 (6): 767 – 768. (SHEN Zhu-jiang. No confusing fiction with reality - analysis of misunderstanding of some concepts in geotechnical engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2003, 25 (6): 767 – 768. (in Chinese))
    [24]
    毛昶熙 , 段祥宝 . 关于渗流的力及其应用 [J]. 岩土力学 , 2009, 30 (6): 1569-1574, 1582. (MAO Chang-xi, DUAN Xiang-bao. On seepage forces and application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30 (6): 1569-1574, 1582. (in Chinese))
    [25]
    TAYLOR D W. Fundamentals of soil mechanics[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1948.
    [26]
    LU N. Is matric suction a stress variable?[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 2008, 134 (7): 899 – 905.
    [27]
    RICHARDS R. Principles of solid mechanics[M]. Florida: Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC, 2001.
    [28]
    ABOUSLEIMAN Y, CHENG A H-D, CUI L, et al. Mandel's problem revisited[J]. Géotechnique, 1996, 46 (2): 187 – 195.
    [29]
    KIM J-M, PARIZEK R R. Numerical simulation of the Noordbergum effect resulting from groundwater pumping in a layered aquifer system[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1997, 202 (1-4): 231 – 243.
    [30]
    FERRONATO M, CASTELLETTO N, GAMBOLATI G. A fully coupled 3-D mixed finite element model of Biot consolidation[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2010, 229 (12): 4813 – 4830.
    [31]
    BAI M, ELSWORTH D. Coupled processes in subsurface deformation, flow, and transport[M]. Reston, VA: ASCE Press, 2000.
    [32]
    WEGNER J L, HADDOW J B. Elements of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
    [33]
    KRAHN J. The 2001 R.M. Hardy Lecture: the limits of limit equilibrium analyses[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2003, 40 (3): 643 – 660.
    [34]
    DUNCAN J M. State of the art: limit equilibrium and finite-element analysis of slopes[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 1996, 122 (7): 577 – 596.
    [35]
    TAVENAS F, TRAK B, LEROUEIL S. Remarks on the validity of stability analysis[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1980, 17 (1): 61 – 73.
    [36]
    雷国辉 , 陈晶晶 . 有效应力决定饱和岩土材料抗剪强度的摩擦学解释 [J]. 岩土工程学报 , 2011, 33 (10): 1517 – 1525. (LEI Guo-hui, CHEN Jing-jing. Tribological explanation of effective stress controlling shear strength of saturated geomaterials[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, 33 (10): 1517 – 1525. (in Chinese))
    [37]
    HOULSBY G T, DEAN E T R. Discussion: editorial[J]. Géotechnique, 2005, 55 (5): 415 – 417.
    [38]
    HOULSBY G T. The work input to a granular material[J]. Géotechnique, 1979, 29 (3): 354 – 358.
    [39]
    HUANG J, GRIFFITHS D V. One-dimensional consolidation theories for layered soil and coupled and uncoupled solutions by the finite-element method[J]. Géotechnique, 2010, 60 (9): 709 – 713.

Catalog

    Article views (1410) PDF downloads (797) Cited by()
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return