Influence of excavation on adjacent rigid-flexible piles considering change of void ratio coefficient with depth

Excavation will easily induce additional deformation and stress relaxation of soils, causing the additional inner forces and displacements of the adjacent piles. Based on the modified Cam-clay model, the user subroutine named VOIDRI of ABAQUS is used to achieve the void ratio nonlinearly changing with depth to perform numerical simulations. The elastic modulus and diameter of pile are taken into account, and the influences of excavation on the additional inner forces and displacements of the adjacent piles are discussed. Some suggestions for the design and construction are proposed.