Discrimination methods for dispersivity of fine-grained soils based on dispersive mechanisms

TAO Ran; MENG Minqiang; ZHANG Wenbo; FAN Henghui; WEN Jixiang; GUO Hongdong; YANG Xiujuan

doi:10.11779/CJGE20211291

Volume 45 Issue 3

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering > 2023 > 45(3): 599-608. > DOI: 10.11779/CJGE20211291

TAO Ran, MENG Minqiang, ZHANG Wenbo, FAN Henghui, WEN Jixiang, GUO Hongdong, YANG Xiujuan. Discrimination methods for dispersivity of fine-grained soils based on dispersive mechanisms[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2023, 45(3): 599-608. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE20211291

Citation:

PDF (3891 KB)

Discrimination methods for dispersivity of fine-grained soils based on dispersive mechanisms

TAO Ran^{1, 2,},
MENG Minqiang^{1, 2},
ZHANG Wenbo^{1, 2},
FAN Henghui^{1, 2, ,},
WEN Jixiang^{1, 2},
GUO Hongdong^{1, 2},
YANG Xiujuan^{1, 2}

1.
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
2.
Institute of Geotechnical Engineering/Museum of Problematic Rock and Soil, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China

More Information

Received Date: November 02, 2021
Available Online: March 15, 2023

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

The crumb tests, the pinhole tests, the double-hydrometer tests, the pore water soluble cation tests and the exchangeable sodium ion percentage tests are the common methods for identifying the dispersivity of the fine-grained soils, which are complex and time-consuming. Based on the dispersive mechanisms of the fine-grained soils, the soil samples with different clay contents and sodium carbonate mass fractions are prepared artificially to analyze the suitability of the conventional discrimination methods for dispersivity and to propose a rapid and accurate discrimination method. The results show that the dispersive soils can be divided into physical dispersive soils which can be called low cohesive soils, chemical dispersive soils and physical-chemical composite dispersive soils. It also can be found that 10% of the clay content is the upper limit of physical dispersivity of the fine-grained soils. The mud ball tests, the pore water soluble cation tests and the exchangeable sodium ion percentage tests can be applied to all fine-grained soils, and the pinhole tests and the double-hydrometer tests are suitable for the fine-grained soils with a clay content no lower than 10%. The results of the mud ball tests should be used as the discrimination criterion for dispersivity if the clay content is lower than 10%, otherwise the discrimination criterion for dispersivity should be the strongest dispersivity results of the mud ball tests and the pinhole tests. The double-hydrometer tests, the pore water soluble cation tests, the exchangeable sodium ion percentage tests, and the pH tests are used as the explanatory tests for the dispersive mechanisms of the fine-grained soils, which have no influences on the comprehensive discrimination.
- dispersive soils,
- dispersive mechanisms,
- discrimination methods,
- applicability,
- comprehensive discrimination

FullText(HTML)

References (25)

References

[1]	樊恒辉, 赵高文, 李洪良. 分散性黏土研究现状与展望[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(增刊1): 108-114. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX2010S1020.htm FAN Henghui, ZHAO Gaowen, LI Hongliang. Current researches and prospects of dispersive clay[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(S1): 108-114. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX2010S1020.htm
[2]	Standard Test Methods for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test: ASTM D4647[S]. ASTM, 2010.
[3]	Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test: ASTM D6572[S]. ASTM, 2021.
[4]	Standard Test Method for Dispersive Characteristics of Clay Soil by Double Hydrometer: ASTM D4221[S]. ASTM, 2018.
[5]	Standard Test Methods for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer: ASTM D4542[S]. ASTM, 2022.
[6]	Standard Test Method for Measuring the Exchange Complex and Cation Exchange Capacity of Inorganic Fine-Grained Soils: ASTM D7503[S]. ASTM, 2018.
[7]	樊恒辉, 赵高文, 路立娜, 等. 分散性土的综合判别准则与针孔试验方法的改进[J]. 水力发电学报, 2013, 32(1): 248-253, 262. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SFXB201301041.htm FAN Henghui, ZHAO Gaowen, LU Lina, et al. Comprehensive criterion of dispersive soil and improvement of pinhole test[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2013, 32(1): 248-253, 262. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SFXB201301041.htm
[8]	BS 1377: Part: 5, British standard methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes, Part 5. compressibility, permeability and durability tests[S].
[9]	彭文明, 李建, 张延亿, 等. 一种低液限黏土的分散性试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2020, 42(增刊1): 121-126. doi: 10.11779/CJGE2020S1024 PENG Wenming, LI Jian, ZHANG Yanyi, et al. Experimental study on dispersion of one kind of low liquid limit clay[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2020, 42(S1): 121-126. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11779/CJGE2020S1024
[10]	INGLES O G, AITCHISON G D. Soil-water disequilibrium as cause of subsidence in natural soils and earth embankments[C]//Proceedings of the Tokyo Symposium on Land Subsidence, 1969.
[11]	SHERARD J L, DECKER R S, RYKEN R L. Piping in earth of dispersive clay[C]//Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference on the Performance of Earth-supported Structure, Purdue University, 1972: 589-626.
[12]	MOHANTY S, ROY N, SINGH S P, et al. Estimating the strength of stabilized dispersive soil with cement clinker and fly ash[J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2019, 37(4): 2915-2926. doi: 10.1007/s10706-019-00808-1
[13]	CHOROM M, RENGASAMY P, MURRAY R S. Clay dispersion as influenced by pH and net particle charge of sodic soils[J]. Soil Research, 1994, 32(6): 1243. doi: 10.1071/SR9941243
[14]	魏迎奇, 温彦锋, 蔡红, 等. 分散性黏土鉴定试验的可靠性分析[J]. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报, 2007, 5(3): 186-190, 195. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3031.2007.03.005 WEI Yingqi, WEN Yanfeng, CAI Hong, et al. Reliability analysis of identification test of dispersive clay[J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 2007, 5(3): 186-190, 195. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3031.2007.03.005
[15]	王观平. 黏土矿物与分散性粘土[J]. 黑龙江水专学报, 1994(3): 21-25. WANG Guanping. Clay mineral and dispersive clay[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Hydraulic Engineering College, 1994(3): 21-25. (in Chinese)
[16]	赵高文, 樊恒辉, 陈华, 等. 蒙脱石对黏性土分散性的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(10): 1928-1932. http://cge.nhri.cn/cn/article/id/15316 ZHAO Gaowen, FAN Henghui, CHEN Hua, et al. Influence of montmorillonite on dispersivity of clayey soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(10): 1928-1932. (in Chinese) http://cge.nhri.cn/cn/article/id/15316
[17]	刘杰. 土石坝渗流控制理论基础及工程经验教训[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2006. LIU Jie. Seepage Control of Earth-Rock Dams Theoretical Basis, Engineering Experiences and Lessons[M]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2006. (in Chinese)
[18]	FAN H H, KONG L W. Empirical equation for evaluating the dispersivity of cohesive soil[J]. Candian Geotechnical Journal, 2013, 50(9): 989-994
[19]	樊恒辉, 孔令伟. 分散性土研究[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2012: 118-156. FAN Henghui, KONG Lingwei. Study Dispersive Clay[M]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2012: 118-156. (in Chinese)
[20]	土工试验方法标准: GB/T 50123—2019[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2019. Standard for Soil Test Method: GB/T 50123—2019[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2019.
[21]	蒋以超, 张一平. 土壤化学过程的物理化学[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1993: 323-328. JIANG Yichao, ZHANG Yiping. Physical Chemistry of Soil Chemical Process[M]. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 1993: 323-328. (in Chinese)
[22]	黄昌勇, 徐建明. 土壤学[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2010: 163. HUANG Changyong, XU Jianming. Agrology[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2010: 163. (in Chinese)
[23]	熊顺贵. 基础土壤学[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2001: 206-207. XIONG Shungui. Basic Soil Science[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2001: 206-207. (in Chinese)
[24]	樊恒辉, 李洪良, 赵高文. 黏性土的物理化学及矿物学性质与分散机理[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2012, 34(9): 1740-1745. http://cge.nhri.cn/cn/article/id/14705 FAN Henghui, LI Hongliang, ZHAO Gaowen. Relation among dispersive mechanism, physical-chemical and mineral properties of clayey soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(9): 1740-1745. (in Chinese) http://cge.nhri.cn/cn/article/id/14705
[25]	VOLK G M. Method of determination of degree of dispersion of the clay fraction of soils[C]//Proceedings, Soil Science Society of American, 1937.