Abstract: The silty clay is the common muck in urban shallow tunnels, and how to realize the reuse of on-site resources of muck is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of shield tunneling. A shield tunneling section of Nanjing Metro Line 7 in silty clay formation is taken as the engineering background. Based on the SPSS multiple regression analysis and the Matlab multi-objective planning tools, the X-ray diffraction technology and the laboratory tests are used to carry out the optimization of the mixture ratio of muck grout. The feasibility of the silty clay as a substitute for bentonite of backfill grout is discussed. Based on the actual situation, the influences of grout performance and grouting parameters on the diffusion laws of the grout at the seepage stage are studied. The results show that the silty clay can be used to replace the bentonite to prepare grout that meets the requirements of on-site construction through the optimization of the mixture ratio. The grout with the best performance has advantages in 7 d & 28 d-strength, bleeding rate and 28 d shrinkage rate of bonding body. It has good bonding strength, effect and stability, and 10.0% of the costs can be saved. The grout with the cost-optimized mixture ratio has better performance than the grout with the original mixture ratio, and 20.2% of the costs can be saved. Compared with the original grout, the injection rate should be appropriately reduced when the grout with the best performance is used, and the injection rate should be increased when the grout with cost-optimized mixture ratio is used.