峨眉山玄武岩岸坡深部差异风化岩体特征及成因

韩刚; 赵其华; 彭社琴

峨眉山玄武岩岸坡深部差异风化岩体特征及成因 English Version

地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室成都理工大学 / 成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院，四川成都 610059

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(40772177)；国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2011CB013501)；长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT0812)

详细信息

作者简介:
韩刚 (1978 – ) ，男，吉林省吉林市人，博士研究生，主要从事岩石高边坡工程方面的研究工作。

中图分类号: P642.24
计量
- 文章访问数: 01656
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 022947
出版历程
- 发布日期: 2011-10-14

Characteristics and formation mechanism of deep differential weathering rock mass in Emei Mountain basalt canyon slope

State Key Laboratory of GeoHazard Prevention and GeoEnvironment ProtectionChengdu University of Technology/College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

摘要

摘要: 西南地区某水电工程的峨眉山玄武岩，其岩体风化具有特殊性，存在岸坡内部（或深部）岩体风化局部加强的特殊现象（称为差异风化）。该差异风化岩体在表观特征、分布特征、化学特征及形成环境上具有与岸坡表部一般风化岩体不同的显著特征。以该处差异风化岩体发育分布规律为基础，结合其化学特征、河谷演化过程及浅生改造理论分析其成因机制。研究表明：差异风化不具随水平深度增大风化逐渐减弱特征，分布受长大张性结构面控制，表现为局部的裂隙式风化加剧，张性结构面两侧 5 ～ 15 cm 范围内岩体红度增加；差异风化岩体发生了化学风化，但并未发生明显的脱硅富铝与盐类淋失迁移，仅表现为二价铁减少、三价铁富集；控制性结构面具浅生改造特征，差异风化岩体赋存于浅生结构所形成的相对封闭空间；浅生改造正是导致差异风化岩体形成的根本原因。
- 峨眉山玄武岩 /
- 差异风化 /
- 化学特征 /
- 浅生改造 /
- 成因机制
Abstract: The Emei Mountain basalt of a hydropower project in the southwest of China is special in its weathering characteristics. There exists abnormal weathered belt inner rock mass (called differential weathering). Differential weathering is much different from normally weathering rock mass in its apparent, distribution, chemical characteristics and environment involved. The distribution characteristics of differential weathering rock mass are analyzed. And the formation mechanism is studied by analyzing chemical characteristics, valley evolution and near surface action theory. The main conclusions are drawn that the differential weathering does not weaken with the increase of the horizontal depth. The distribution is controlled by long tension fracture, and highly weathered near fracture. It is much redder within 5~15 cm of the tension fracture. Chemical weathering occurs in differential weathered rock including decrease of Fe²⁺ and increase of Fe³⁺. But there is no obvious decrease of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al and Si. The controlling discontinuity appears near surface action characteristics, and differential weathering rock mass is formed by near surface action.
- Emei Mountain basalt /
- differential weathering /
- chemical characteristic /
- near surface action /
- formation mechanism

HTML全文

参考文献(17)

[1]	沈珠江 . 抗风化设计 - 未来岩土工程设计的一个重要内容 [J]. 岩土工程学报 , 2004, 26 (6): 866 – 869. (SHEN Zhu-jiang. Weathering resistant design-An important aspect of future development of geotechnical engineering design[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2004, 26 (6): 866 – 869. (in Chinese))
[2]	熊厚金 , 张良辉 , 邹小平 , 等 . 岩土工程化学导论 [J]. 岩土工程学报 , 1999, 21 (4): 403 – 407. (XIONG Hou-jing, ZHANG Liang-hui, ZOU Xiao-ping, et al. An introduction to the geotechnical chemistry[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1999, 21 (4): 403 – 407. (in Chinese))
[3]	尚彦军 , 吴宏伟 , 曲永新 . 花岗岩风化程度的化学指标及微观特征对比 - 以香港九龙地区为例 [J]. 地质科学 , 2001, 36 (3): 279 – 294. (SHANG Yan-jun, WU Hong-wei, QU Yong-xin. Comparison of chemical indices and micro-properties of weathering degrees of granitic rocks-a case study from Kowloon, Hong Kong[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2001, 36 (3): 279 – 294. (in Chinese))
[4]	张丽萍 . 三峡坝区花岗岩风化分带的化学风化特征指标研究 [J]. 浙江大学学报 ( 理学版 ), 2003, 30 (4): 471 – 476. (ZHANG Li-ping. Study on characteristic value of chemical weathering in weathering granite regolith different vertical division zone in the Three Gorge Dam Region of Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition), 2003, 30 (4): 471 – 476. (in Chinese))
[5]	李日运 , 吴林峰 . 岩石风化程度特征指标的分析研究 [J]. 岩石力学与工程学报 , 2004, 23 (22): 3830 – 3833. (LI Ri-yun, WU Lin-feng. Research on characteristic indexes of weathering intensity of rocks[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23 (22): 3830 – 3833. (in Chinese))
[6]	魏云杰 , 许模 , 陶连金 , 等 . 峨眉山玄武岩岩体风化分带量化研究 [J]. 湖南科技大学学报 ( 自然科学版 ), 2008, 23 (3): 32 – 36. (WEI Yun-jie, XU Mo, TAO Lian-jin, et al. Quantitative study on the zoning of weathering degree of Emei Mountain basalts[J]. Journal of Hunan University of Science & Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2008, 23 (3): 32 – 36. (in Chinese))
[7]	苏永华 , 封立志 , 李志勇 , 等 . Hoek-Brown 准则中确定地质强度指标因素的量化 [J]. 岩石力学与工程学报 , 2009, 28 (4): 679 – 686. (SU Yong-hua, FENG Li-zhi, LI Zhi-yong, et al. Quantification of elements for geological strength index in Hoek-Brown criterion[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2009, 28 (4): 679 – 686. (in Chinese))
[8]	中华人民共和国建设部 . GB — 50287 — 2006 水力发电工程地质勘察规范 [S]. 北京 : 中国计划出版社 , 2008. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. GB — 50287 — 2006 Code for hydropower engineering geological investigation[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2008. (in Chinese))
[9]	白乐 , 彭社琴 , 赵其华 . 西南某水电站坝区岩体深部差异风化成因及分布规律分析 [J]. 长江科学院院报 , 2010, 27 (2): 46 – 49. (BAI Le, PENG She-qin, ZHAO Qi-hua. Cause of deep rock mass diffenence weathering formation and distribution law analysis in dam site area of some hydraulic power station in Southwest China[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2010, 27 (2): 46 – 49. (in Chinese))
[10]	刘本立 . 地球化学基础 [M]. 北京 : 北京大学出版社 , 1994. (LIU Ben-li. Geochemical basis[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 1994. (in Chinese))
[11]	张仲英 , 刘瑞华 . 海南岛第四系火山岩的分期 [J]. 地质科学 , 1989(1 ) : 67 – 76. (ZHANG Zhong-ying, LIU Rui-hua. The stage-division of quaternary volcanic rocks in Hainan Island[J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1989(1 ) : 67 – 76. (in Chinese))
[12]	冯锦江 , 胡碧茹 . 琼北第四纪玄武岩化学风化速率的初步研究 [J]. 地质科学 , 1992( 增刊 ): 295 – 301. (FENG Jin-jiang, HU Bi-ru. A Preliminary study of rates of chemical weathering of quaternary basalts in Hainan Island[J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1992(S): 295 – 301. (in Chinese))
[13]	程绍平 , 杨桂枝 , 冯锦江 . 华北北部玄武岩风化晕厚度测年的尝试 [J]. 地理学报 , 1991, 46 (2): 242 – 251. (CHENG Shao-ping, YANG Gui-zhi, FENG Jin-jiang. Attempts of weathering-rind thickness daings in the basalt area, Northern North China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1991, 46 (2): 242 – 251. (in Chinese))
[14]	李秉生 , 赵琍明 . 昆明西山地区玄武岩风化壳工程地质性质初步探讨 [J]. 西南交通大学学报 , 1985, 4 : 35 – 44. (LI Bing-sheng, ZHAO Li-ming. Preliminary research of the engineering geological property of weathering shell of basalt in Xi-shan,Kunming[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 1985, 4 : 35 – 44. (in Chinese))
[15]	王兰生 . 地壳浅表圈层与人类工程 [M]. 北京 : 地质出版社 , 2004. (WANG Lan-sheng. Epigenetic sphere of earth crust and human being project[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2004. (in Chinese))
[16]	沈军辉 , 王兰生 , 李天斌 , 等 . 川西南玄武岩的岩体结构特征 [J]. 成都理工学院学报 , 2002, 29 (6): 680 – 686. (SHEN Jun-hui, WANG Lan-sheng, LI Tian-bin,et al. Rock mass structural features of basalt in Southwest Sichuan[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology, 2002, 29 (6): 680 – 686. (in Chinese))
[17]	魏云杰 , 许模 , 陶连金 , 等 . 某水电站坝区峨眉山玄武岩岩体风化特征 [J]. 北京工业大学学报 , 2009, 35 (1): 53 – 57. (WEI Yun-jie, XU Mo, TAO Lian-jin, et al. Weathering characteristics of E'mei Mountain basalts in a certain hydropower project, Southwester area[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2009, 35 (1): 53 – 57. (in Chinese))