Abstract: The plate-like saline soil in extremely arid desert area is different from that of conventional bulk. To find out the effects of the microstructural changes of the plate-like saline soil on its strength, the composition, microstructure and properties of unconfined compressive strength of the plate-like saline soil are studied, and the effects of microstructural changes of the plate-like saline soil on its strength are analyzed. The results show that the plate-like saline soil is mainly composed of chloride, and the content of chloride, and sulfate in the plate-like saline soil is more than 8%, some even exceeds 60%. The main mineral components are limestone, quartz, albite, ramps pyrochlore, illite and kaolinite. The plate-like structure cemented by sand, NaCl and Na₂SO₄ is in dense situation. Because of the difference of soluble salt content and cement, the differences of properties of unconfined compressive strength caused by microstructural changes are great. The plate-like saline soil has the characteristics of the rock in strength, and its value varies from 3.8 MPa to 20.2 MPa according to its structural characteristics. It can be defined as rock salt based on its salt component and mineral characteristics. The results provide a new basis for a better understanding of the formation of the plate-like saline soil and its engineering properties. This study also lays the foundation for the treatment technology of the plate-like saline soil in engineering.