非饱和土渗透系数的一种测量方法和预测公式

邵龙潭; 温天德; 郭晓霞

doi:10.11779/CJGE201905002

非饱和土渗透系数的一种测量方法和预测公式 English Version

邵龙潭^1,2, ,,
温天德^1,2,
郭晓霞^1,2

1. 大连理工大学工程力学系,辽宁大连 116085;
2. 工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室,辽宁大连 116085

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51479023）

详细信息

作者简介:
邵龙潭(1963— ),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土和孔隙介质力学基本理论研究、土工结构稳定分析、土工试验测试技术与仪器研发。E-mail：shaolt@dlut.edu.cn。

通讯作者:
邵龙潭，E-mail：shaolt@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU411
计量
- 文章访问数: 0415
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 0344
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-07-08
- 发布日期: 2019-05-24

Direct measurement method and prediction formula for permeability coefficient of unsaturated soils

1. Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116085, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Dalian 116085, China

摘要

摘要: 总结了非饱和土渗透系数的各种测量方法和预测模型。在此基础上,提出一种直接测量瞬态渗透系数的方法和预测模型。这一测量方法采用多步溢出法测量土水特征曲线,同时实时测量渗透流量和土样的含水率。在试验过程中,把气压强增量分为两个部分：一部分克服渗透阻力,驱赶水分运动,另一部分平衡静水平衡条件下的表面张力,转化为基质势,从而根据达西定律公式求出瞬态渗透系数。另一方面,利用孔隙水的平衡微分方程,引进雷诺层流理论来解释土体渗透产生的土骨架和孔隙水之间的相互作用力,推导出了非饱和土渗透系数的理论公式,该公式只有一个参数,可以通过讨论不同孔隙率、饱和渗透系数与土水作用力系数之间的关系拟合得到,从而预测出非饱和土渗透系数。通过与试验结果的对比,证实了所提出的测量方法和预测模型的正确性。
- 非饱和土 /
- 渗透系数 /
- 多步溢出法
Abstract: Various measurement methods and prediction models for the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soils are summarized. A method for measuring the permeability coefficient and a prediction model are proposed. This measurement method, based on the multistep outflow method, can measure the soil-water characteristic curve and the water content of the soil samples in real time. In this method, the increment of gas pressure potential is divided into two parts: one part overcomes the osmotic resistance and drives pore water, the other balances the surface tension of hydrostatic equilibrium conditions and converts it into matrix potential, then, the permeability coefficient can be obtained by the Darcy's law. On the other hand, the predicted model is derived based on the equilibrium equation of the water phase. Only one parameter is required, and this parameter can be more easily obtained by using the permeability tests on saturated soils with different porosity values. A number of test results in the literatures are employed to validate the proposed measurement method and predicted model, and they indicates good agreement with the experimental data.
- unsaturated soil /
- permeability coefficient /
- multistep outflow method

HTML全文

参考文献(50)

[1]	ABUHEJLEH A N, ZNIDARCIC D, ILLANGASEKARE T H.Permeability determination for unsaturated soils[C]// Unsaturated Soils, ASCE. 1993: 163-174.
[2]	VEREECKEN H, KAISER R, DUST M, et al.Evaluation of the multistep outflow method for the determination, of unsaturated hydraulic properties of soils[J]. Soil Science, 1997, 162(9): 618-631.
[3]	BENSON C H, GRIBB M M.Measuring unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory and field[J]. Geotechnical Special Publication, 1997, 68: 113-168.
[4]	MEERDINK J S, BENSON C H, KHIRE M V.Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of two compacted barrier soils[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1996, 122(7): 565-576.
[5]	RAIMBAULT G.Diffusivite et conductivite hydrauliques de materiaux ou sols non satures en eau-mesure en laboratoire[J]. Bull Liaison Lab Ponts Chauss, 1986, 145: 61-68.
[6]	ELZEFTAWY A, MANSELL R S.Hydraulic conductivity calculations for unsaturated steady-state and transient-state flow in sand[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1975, 39(4): 599-603.
[7]	KLUTE A.The determination of the hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity of unsaturated soils1[J]. Soil Science, 1992, 113(4): 264-276.
[8]	GARDNER W R.Calculation of capillary conductivity from pressure plate outflow data[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1956, 20(3): 317-320.
[9]	MCCARTNEY J S, VILLAR L, ZORNBERG J G.Estimation of the hydraulic conductivity function of an unsaturated clay using an infiltration column test[C]// Proceedings of 6th Brazilian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (NSAT), UFBA. Salvador, 1981:1-8.
[10]	OLSON R, DANIEL D.Measurement of the hydraulic conductivity of fine grained soils[R]// Permeability and groundwater contaminant transport (ASTM STP 746). West Conshohoken: ASTM, 1981.
[11]	WATSON K.An instantaneous profile method for determining the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous materials[J]. Water Resources Research, 1966, 2(4): 709-715.
[12]	MILLER E E, ELRICK D E.Dynamic determination of capillary conductivity extended for non-negligible membrane impedance1[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1958, 22(6): 483-486.
[13]	RIJTERNA P E.Calculation of capillary conductivity from pressure plate outflow data with nonnegligible membrane impedance. Institute for Land and Water Management[J]. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 1959, 7: 209-215.
[14]	KUNZE R J, KIRKHAM D.Simplified accounting for membrane impedance in capillary conductivity determinations[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1962, 26(5): 421-426.
[15]	DAM J C V, STRICKER J N M, DROOGERS P. Inverse method to determine soil hydraulic functions from multistep outflow experiments[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994, 58(3): 647-652.
[16]	CRESCIMANNO G, IOVINO M.Parameter estimation by inverse method based on one-step and multi-step outflow experiments[J]. Geoderma, 1995, 68(4): 257-277.
[17]	HWANG S, POWERS S E.Using a multi-step outflow technique to estimate unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function for quartz sands with variable interfacial properties[C]// Presented at the annual AGU conference. San Francisco, 2001.
[18]	FIGUERAS J, GRIBB M M, MCNAMARA J P.Design of a new automated multi-step outflow test apparatus[C]// Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, 2006.
[19]	PARKS J M, STEWART M A, MCCARTNEY J S.Validation of a centrifuge permeameter for investigation of transient infiltration and drainage flow processes in unsaturated soils[J]. ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2012, 35(1): 182-192.
[20]	BREITMEYER R J, BENSON C H.Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic properties of municipal solid waste[J]. Geotechnical Special Publication, 2011, 211: 1433-1442.
[21]	MINASNY B, HOPMANS J W, HARTER T, et al.Neural networks prediction of soil hydraulic functions for alluvial soils using multistep outflow data[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2004, 68(2): 417-429.
[22]	VEREECKEN H, MAES J, FEYEN J.Estimating unsaturated hydraulic conductivity from easily measured soil properties[J]. Soil Science, 1990, 149(1): 1-12.
[23]	MUALEM Y, DAGAN G.Hydraulic conductivity of soils: Unified approach to the statistical models[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1978, 42(3): 392-395.
[24]	FREDLUND D G, XING A.Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1994, 31(4): 521-532.
[25]	LEONG E C, RAHARDJO H.Permeability functions for unsaturated soils[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1997, 123(12): 1118-1126.
[26]	CAI G, ZHOU A, SHENG D.Permeability function for unsaturated soils with different initial densities[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2014, 51(12): 1456-1467.
[27]	AHUJA L R, GREEN R E, CHONG S K, NIELSEN D R.A simplified functions approach for determining soil hydraulic conductivities and water characteristics in situ[J]. Water Resources Research, 1980, 16(5): 947-953.
[28]	PHILIP J R.Linearized unsteady multidimensional infiltration[J]. Water Resources Research, 1986, 22(12): 1717-1727.
[29]	DANE J H, KLUTE A.Salt effects on the hydraulic properties of a swelling soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1977, 41(6): 1043-1049.
[30]	GILLHAM R W, KLUTE A, HEERMANN D F.Hydraulic properties of a porous medium: measurement and empirical representation[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1976, 40(2): 203-207.
[31]	DAVIDSON J M, STONE L R, NIELSEN D R, et al.Field measurement and use of soil-water properties[J]. Water Resources Research, 1969, 5(6): 1312-1321.
[32]	BROOKS R H, COREY A T.Hydraulic properties of porous media[R]. Fort Collins: Colorado State University, 1964: 24-37.
[33]	CHILDS E C, COLLIS-GEORGE N.The permeability of porous materials[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Ser A, 1950, 201(1066): 392-405.
[34]	VAN GENUCHTEN M T. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1980, 44(5): 892-898.
[35]	AGUS S S, LEONG E C, SCHANZ T.Assessment of statistical models for indirect determination of permeability functions from soil-water characteristic curves[J]. Géotechnique, 2003, 53(2): 279-282.
[36]	MUALEM Y.A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media[J]. Water Resources Research, 1976, 12(3): 513-522.
[37]	NÜTZMANN G, THIELE M, MACIEJEWSKI S, et al. Inverse modelling techniques for determining hydraulic properties of coarse-textured porous media by transient outflow methods[J]. Advances in Water Resources, 1998, 22(3): 273-284.
[38]	CHEN J, HOPMANS J W, GRISMER M E.Parameter estimation of two-fluid capillary pressure-saturation and permeability functions[J]. Advances in Water Resources, 1999, 22(5): 479-493.
[39]	CRESCIMANNO G, GAROFALO P.Application and evaluation of the swap model for simulating water and solute transport in a cracking clay soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2006, 70(5): 1943-1954.
[40]	GNATOWSKI T, SZATYLOWICZ J, BRANDYK T.Hydraulic properties of fen peat soils in Poland[J]. Geoderma, 2010, 154(3): 188-195.
[41]	MBOH C M, HUISMAN J A, VAN G N, et al.Coupled hydrogeophysical inversion of elecrical resitances and inflow measurements for topsoil hydraulic properties under constant head infiltration[J]. Near Surface Geophysics, 2012, 10(5): 1-14.
[42]	LAZRANG T, KACEM M, SGHAIER J, et al.A determination of unsaturated hydraulic properties using drainage gravity test and particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Journal of Porous Media, 2013, 16(16): 1025-1034.
[43]	RAHIMI A, RAHARDJO H, LEONG E C.Effect of range of soil-water characteristic curve measurements on estimation of permeability function[J]. Engineering Geology, 2015, 185: 96-104.
[44]	WEN T D, SHAO L T, GUO X X.A new setup to measure hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils[C]// Proceedings of China-Europe Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, Vienna, 2018: 1644-1648.
[45]	SHAO L, WEN T, GUO X, et al.A method for directly measuring the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2017, 40(6): 907-916.
[46]	WEN T, SHAO L, GUO X.Rapidly determining the unsaturated permeability by transient two-steps outflow experiment[C]// GeoShanghai International Conference. Shanghai, 2018: 228-235.
[47]	WEN T D, SHAO L T, GUO X X.Permeability function for unsaturated soil[J]. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2018. (doi:10.oi:10.1080/19648189.2018. 1515666)
[48]	邵龙潭. 土力学研究与探索——土力学理论新体系5讲[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012. (SHAO Long-tan.Research and exploration of soil mechanics-5 lectures in the new system of soil mechanics theory[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2012. (in Chinese))
[49]	SHAO L, GUO X, LIU S, et al.Effective stress and equilibrium equation for soil mechanics[M]. London: CRC Press, 2017.
[50]	LALIBERTE G E, COREY A T, BROOKS R H.Properties of unsaturated porous media, (Hydrology Paper No 17)[R]. Fort Collins: Colorado State University, 1966.

施引文献(13)

期刊类型引用(6)

1.	张德沧，毛佳，戴妙林，邵琳玉，赵兰浩. 圆化离散单元法的改进及其在岩体断裂过程中的应用. 岩土工程学报. 2024(09): 1974-1983 . 本站查看
2.	何荣兴，张智源，张星宇，章雅雯. 诱导下岩体裂隙扩展规律研究存在问题及对策. 中国矿业. 2024(10): 168-176 . 百度学术
3.	刘洋，吴志军，储昭飞，翁磊，徐翔宇，周原，高波，毛春光. 基于FDEM的围压条件下机械冲击破岩机理研究. 中南大学学报(自然科学版). 2023(03): 866-879 . 百度学术
4.	杨奎斌，朱彦鹏. 考虑后缘裂缝影响的均质土坡滑动面形式及搜索研究. 应用基础与工程科学学报. 2022(05): 1216-1227 . 百度学术
5.	张亚军，莫思阳，张友良. 基于修正牛顿-拉普森迭代的数值流形法. 计算机仿真. 2022(09): 394-397+440 . 百度学术
6.	韩笑. 基于高阶块体元-有限元建模的混凝土细观数值分析. 粉煤灰综合利用. 2021(03): 56-63 . 百度学术