Hydraulic conductivity of widely-graded gravelly soils
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摘要: 宽级配砾质土是一种性能良好的防渗料,然而土体的细粒含量、细粒物理特性、击实功以及颗粒级配等多种因素均对其渗透系数有很大的影响。针对以上因素对宽级配土的渗透系数影响因素展开试验研究。采用不同细粒含量、不同种类细粒部分以及不同级配的宽级配砾质土进行室内变水头渗透试验,探究这些因素对渗透系数的影响规律。试验结果表明：宽级配砾质土的渗透系数随着细粒含量的升高先迅速降低后趋于平稳;随着细粒料液限和塑性指数的增加,宽级配砾质土的渗透系数逐渐降低;以粉质黏土和黏土为细粒料的宽级配砾质土的渗透系数均随击实功的增加呈指数函数形式下降;粗粒料级配连续性越好,宽级配砾质土渗透系数越低。根据大坝心墙渗透系数小于1×10-5 cm/s的防渗要求,提出了以界限含水率和细粒料百分比为控制指标的宽级配土防渗料的控制标准。Abstract: The widely-graded gravelly soil has the potential to serve as an excellent anti-seepage material. However, the content of fine particles, properties of fines, compactive effort and grain-size distribution of coarse materials have great influence on the hydraulic conductivity of the widely-graded gravelly soils. Laboratory experiments are conducted to study the effect of above factors. The hydraulic conductivities of soils with different fines, coarse grains and mix ratios are measured using the variable water head permeability tests. The test results demonstrate that the permeability coefficient of the widely-graded gravelly soils decreases rapidly when the content of fines increases from 0 to 40%, and tends to be stable under higher value. The permeability coefficient decreases with the increase of liquid limit and plasticity index of fines. The permeability coefficient of silt and clay decreases exponentially with the increase of compactive effort. The continuity of the gradation of coarse materials can help to reduce the permeability of soils. According to the requirements of permeability of the core of earth dams, i.e., less than 1×10-5 cm/s, the necessary mix ratio and properties of fines are proposed when the widely-graded gravelly soil is used as an anti-seepage material.
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