Experimental investigations on frost damage of canals caused by interaction between frozen soils and linings in cold regions
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摘要: 寒区输水渠道冻胀破坏直接影响着工程安全及效益发挥,基土冻胀变形及其与结构相互作用共同导致衬砌冻胀破坏发生。采用低温室循环供冷,模型槽底部砂砾石层补水,设计衬砌渠道低温冻胀模型试验,研究渠基土体的温度场、水分场、变形场和衬砌位移之间动态耦合规律,对比观测了冻融试验前后渠基土横剖面物理性状的变化。研究表明：引起基土冻胀变形的水分迁移量及结冰量受温度梯度、冻结速率控制,也受土体初始含水率的制约;渠道断面形状影响渠道的温度边界和热传导,使各部位冻结速率及冻胀变形不一致。渠基土冻结过程中兼有冻胀和挤密,土体受挤压程度同样受渠道衬砌及断面形状的影响,土体内应力复杂。渠基土冻胀与衬砌位移不协调,导致渠底衬砌与土体脱空且偏心受拉。土体冻结时与衬砌间形成接触分凝冰层,传递作用力;温升融化时,接触分凝冰层消融,表层土体强度丧失,造成渠坡滑动失稳破坏和衬砌结构大面积的滑塌。Abstract: In cold regions, the safety and efficiency of water conveyance canals are threatened by freeze-thaw damage. This damage is caused together by the heave and settlement deformation of soils and the interaction between soils and lining structures during the deformation. The model tests on freeze-thaw of a lining canal are conducted using the method of circulation cold supply in low temperature chamber and water supply from sand gravel in model tank base. Through the tests, the dynamic coupling laws of soil temperature fields, moisture fields, deformation fields and lining displacements are studied, and the change of physical properties in different canal cross sections is observed. The results show that the migrating and freezing of moisture causing soil deformation is controlled by temperature gradient and freezing rate, and restricted by soil initial water content. The cross-section of the canal affects its temperature boundary and heat transfer process, leading to the difference of freezing rate and frost-heave distribution. The frost heave and compression occur inside the freezing soils at the same time, and the compression of soils is affected by the cross-section of the canal, which causes intricate internal stress of canal soils. The freezing heave of soils and displacement of linings are not coordinated, which forms the gap between them and causes eccentric tension in the linings. In addition, the touch segregated ice layer is formed and transmits the interaction between soils and linings during freezing, and during thawing, the ice layer melts and the strength of surface soils loses, which causes the canal slope to slide to induce instability and slump of lining structures in a large scale.
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