Fractal characteristics of micro-seismic volume for different types of immediate rock-bursts in deep tunnels
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摘要: 根据即时型岩爆孕育及发生过程中微震信息的自相似性,提出了一种震源体积的分形计算方法。运用上述方法,基于锦屏二级水电站施工排水洞及4条引水隧洞施工过程中的大量不同类型、等级的即时型岩爆案例,展开微震事件震源体积分布的分形行为研究。研究结果表明：即时型岩爆孕育及发生过程中的微震信息震源体积分布是具有分形结构的;即时性应变型岩爆体积分形维数大于0.7,即时性应变-结构面滑移型岩爆体积分形维数小于0.6,这意味着根据微震事件体积分形维数可以对即时性岩爆的类型进行区分;对于即时型岩爆来说,岩爆等级越强则微震体积分形维数值越大;对于即时性应变-结构面滑移型岩爆,结构面数越多则震源体积分形维数值越小。上述研究结果可以为高地应力条件下不同类型岩爆的预测与防治提供合理的科学依据。Abstract: A fractal method is put forward to study the self-similarity of the volume distribution of micro-seismic events during the development of different types of immediate rock-bursts. The proposed method is used to study the fractal behaviours of the volume distribution of micro-seismic events during the development of immediate rock-bursts that occur in four deep headrace tunnels and one drainage tunnel at the Jinping II Hydropower Station. The results indicate that the volume distribution of micro-seismic events during the evolution of immediate rock-bursts displays fractal properties. The fractal dimension of volume can be used as the basis for estimating rock-burst type, that is, the fractal dimensions of immediate strain rock-bursts are >0.7 and <1, but those of immediate strain-structure slip rock-bursts are >0.2 and <0.6. For the immediate strain rock-bursts and the immediate strain-structure slip rock-bursts, if the intensity is lower, the fractal dimensions of volume will be smaller. For the immediate strain-structure slip rock-bursts, the more the number of structure planes, the smaller the fractal dimensions of volume. These conclusions can be used as the guideline to develop a warning system and to reduce the risk of rock-bursts during construction of deep, hard-rock tunnels.
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